ESD workbench built on a 40 x 40 mm aluminium profile frame, supplied mill finish as standard so the frame is conductive, or anodised with masked earth pads where a coloured frame is required.
| Material | Aluminium |
|---|---|
| Alloy Grade | 6063-T5 |
| Temper | T5 |
| Section Size | 40 x 40 mm, four slots, 30 mm pitch |
| Slot | M6 slot, 8 mm mouth, four faces, 30 mm pitch |
| Length | Cut to the bench drawing to +/-0.5 mm |
| Tolerance | Cut length +/-0.5 mm; earth pad position to the drawing; frame continuity checked on assembly |
| Surface | Mill finish standard; clear or black anodised with masked earth pads on request; powder coating not recommended for ESD frames |
| MOQ | No fixed minimum; priced per bench |
| Lead Time | 2 to 3 weeks for mill finish, plus about a week where anodising and masking are required |
| Loading Port | Shanghai / Ningbo |
| Supply Ability | Frame, bench and bonding points from one drawing, with continuity checked before shipment |
| Payment Terms | T/T 30% deposit + 70% before shipment | L/C at sight |
| Trade Terms | FOB | CIF | EXW |
| Certifications | Continuity test record per bench, material declaration, RoHS and REACH; ESD acceptance against the site plan |

Because anodising is an electrical insulator. The anodic layer on aluminium is aluminium oxide, and that is the same material used as a dielectric in some capacitors. A beautifully finished black anodised 40 x 40 mm aluminium profile workbench frame has a surface resistance many orders of magnitude above the dissipative range, which means that in ESD terms it behaves like a plastic frame with a nice finish.
This is the single most common error in ESD bench design, and it is invisible: the frame looks like metal, it feels like metal, it is metal — and it does not conduct. A bench built this way will pass a visual inspection and fail a resistance measurement, usually at the worst possible moment.
| Frame finish | Surface behaviour | Suitable as an ESD earth path |
|---|---|---|
| Mill finish, bare aluminium | Conductive, essentially a short circuit | Yes, that is the point of using it |
| Clear anodised | Insulating | No, unless a bare-metal path is created |
| Black anodised | Insulating | No, unless a bare-metal path is created |
| Powder coated | Insulating | No |
| Bare aluminium with masked contact pads | Conductive at the pads only | Yes, and this is how a coated-looking bench is made to work |
If the customer wants a coloured frame and an ESD bench, the answer is a masked earth pad or a dedicated earth stud, not a thinner coating. There is no coating thickness that makes anodising conductive.
Three different things are being measured on an ESD bench, and they have three different targets. Confusing them is why benches get rejected for the wrong reason.
| What is measured | Target range | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Worksurface, point to point | 1 x 10^4 to under 1 x 10^9 ohm | Dissipative: slow enough to avoid a discharge, conductive enough to drain |
| Worksurface to ground | under 1 x 10^9 ohm | The charge has to reach the earth point, not sit on the mat |
| Frame to the common point ground | under 1 ohm | The frame is equipment, not personnel, so it is hard grounded |
| Operator wrist strap to ground | about 1 x 10^6 ohm | The resistor limits the current through a person, and it is a separate path |
The ranges above are the ones used in programmes built around IEC 61340-5-1 and ANSI/ESD S20.20, with worksurface testing to ANSI/ESD S4.1 and grounding to ANSI/ESD S6.1. The exact limits for a given site are set by that site’s ESD control plan, so the plan is the document to design to — not this page.
The important structural point is the third row: the frame is hard grounded, the operator is soft grounded. They are not the same circuit and they must not be mixed. A bench where the wrist strap is plugged into the frame, and the frame is earthed through a 1 megohm resistor, has put the operator’s limiting resistor in the equipment path and the equipment’s hard ground in the operator path. It measures plausibly and it is wrong.
One point, one conductor, and a deliberate bare-metal contact at every joint in the path. That is the whole design, and the difficulty is entirely in the word *deliberate*.
| Mistake | What it measures | Why it is wrong |
|---|---|---|
| Anodised frame with no masked pad | Open circuit from frame to earth | The coating is the insulator; there is no path at all |
| Wrist strap plugged into the frame | Looks correct, reads a few ohms | The operator loses the 1 megohm limiting resistor, and the equipment path gains it |
| Several earth points on one bench | Reads low, and drifts | Multiple paths make ground loops and give a reading that depends on where you probe |
| Mat laid on the frame with no bonding | Mat reads correct on its own | The mat is isolated from earth; charge accumulates until something else discharges it |
| Painted or coated bench top | Reads open | A coating over a dissipative material is an insulator |
The first row is the one to design out at quotation stage. Once the frame is anodised, the only fix is to drill and scrape a bare pad at each leg, which is a rework operation on a finished part and looks exactly like what it is.
Six checks, in this order, and a bench that fails any one of them is written up regardless of how good the others are.
Notice that only one of those six is about the frame material. The other five are about the topology of the earth path, and topology is what actually fails in service. A bench with a mill finish frame and a careless earth arrangement fails more often than a bench with a masked anodised frame and a carefully drawn one.
Everything that touches the product, and this is where the cost of an ESD bench accumulates faster than the frame.
A bench is only as good as its weakest conductor. A perfect frame with a standard laminate top and standard plastic bins is an ESD bench in name only.
They overlap and they are not the same requirement. A cleanroom cares about particle shedding and cleanability; an ESD bench cares about charge. A profile frame suits both, for the same reason — it is straight, it has no horizontal ledges to collect dust, and it can be wiped down.
Where both apply — electronics assembly in a cleanroom — the usual resolution is a masked anodised frame: anodised for cleanability, with bare pads at each leg and a documented bond. That is a drawing decision, and it is the reason this page keeps returning to the finish.

Browse 40 Series Aluminium Profiles, Strut Profiles, or see the 40 x 40 mm four slot section for the frame data, and the assembly workstation frame page if the bench is part of a line rather than a single station.
No. The anodic layer is aluminium oxide, which is an insulator. An anodised frame needs a masked bare pad or a dedicated earth stud before it can be part of the earth path.
Commonly 1 x 10^4 to under 1 x 10^9 ohm point to point, and under 1 x 10^9 ohm to ground. The exact limits come from the site’s ESD control plan, written around IEC 61340-5-1 or ANSI/ESD S20.20.
Only if the frame is bonded to the common point ground and the wrist strap keeps its own 1 megohm path. The frame is hard grounded as equipment; the operator is soft grounded through a resistor. The two circuits must not be merged.
One. Everything on the bench bonds back to a single common point, and nothing bonds to anything else. Multiple points create loops and give readings that depend on where the probe is placed.
Yes, with masked bare pads at each leg, or with a separate earth stud. The colour comes from the anodising, and the anodising is what has to be interrupted at the bonding points.
The frame, the bench and the bonding points are ours. Mats, wrist straps, testers and ionisers are specified by the site’s ESD plan and are usually sourced locally, but we will build the bench to accept them.
Tell us which standard the bench will be tested to. It changes the finish, the bonding points and the drawing, and it is free to say at enquiry stage.
Tell us the bench size, whether the frame must be a colour, and which ESD plan the bench will be tested against. The finish and the bonding points follow from those three answers.
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